I could't update this thread, so I just opened a new one with the same title to add that in fact SQL Server 2012 is officially supported on Windows Server 2019. References:
The thing is that the thread was ended on 28 Aug 2019.
Then Server SQL 2012 SP4 is not the same as Server SQL 2012, especially in terms on installing on server 2019 & its extended support.
Lastly, the support for SQL 2012 SP4 on Server 2019 was added in Feb 2020, your links to MS docs were added/updated in June 2022.
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/lifecycle/products/microsoft-sql-server-2012